작품 상세
The vase is sturdily potted in hu form with a bulbous body resting on a short slightly splayed foot. The sloping shoulders are applied with a pair of archaistic chilong handles. The exterior of the vessel finely is covered overall in a soft sky-blue glaze, thinning to a paler hue at the mouth and foot. The base is inscribed in underglaze blue with a six-character seal mark. The seal mark continues the style of Yongzheng reign, suggesting the present work was made in the early Qianlong period. The shape of this vase is derived from early bronzes and already appeared during the Yongzheng reign, but was even more frequently found in the Qianlong period. Prized by the Qianlong Emperor, the form can be found in blue and white, famille-rose and even monochrome vessels, including those with Ru-type and guan-type glazes. This particular shape of the vase is sometimes called a ‘deer’s head zun’. An example of the same shape but decorated with eight Daoist immortals in blue and white was sold in Sotheby's Hong Kong, 5 October 2016, Lot 3607. Clair-de-lune or 'moonlight' glaze is a variation of Guan-type ware produced during the Qianlong period, along with other types of celadon-glazed wares, for example, fenqing and tianqing. The imperial kilns strove to produce glaze colours identical to Northern and Southern Song monochromes, including the fabled Ru ware. See a related example of monochrome, sold in Sotheby’s Hong Kong, 2 May 2005, Lot 513. 款識:「大清乾隆年製」 本尊原為山中商會寶蓄,最初成對流傳,展覽並出版於1938年山中商會在東京上野日本美術協會主辦的《世界古美術即賣大展觀》、《支那朝鮮古美術展覽會》,並有昔日展覽舊照記錄,極為難得。 山中商會曾是20世紀初期世界上最成功的亞洲藝術古董商之一,鼎盛時期的商業版圖橫跨亞、美、歐三大洲。1894年,山中定次郎在紐約開設了山中商會的第一家海外分店,直至1944年結束營業,曾以1913年在紐約舉辦的恭親王府舊藏專拍而聞名。 此器器形碩大,圓直口,垂腹如懸膽,脛部內斂,肩部置回首螭龍雙耳,其形體優美,莊重別致,器內外滿施天藍釉,釉面細膩凝潤,色澤沉然靜謐,觀之心曠神怡,氣韻清雅。足端露胎,修磨規整,胎質細潤。底青花書「大清乾隆年製」六字篆書款,款字承襲雍正朝篆體,可見本品為乾隆御窯早期之作。 本品器形源自早期青銅器,雍正朝已有,乾隆御瓷中雖有延續,卻不多見,皆為乾隆早期作品,應當為雍正一朝遺留工匠所為。此造型鹿頭尊早期作品承雍正一朝特點,雙耳為回首螭龍,螭龍龍首花尾,異常靈動,存世並不多見,之後在此造型的基礎上,改變雙耳造型,變為粗獷有力的上回首外翻螭龍耳,靈動性不如早期。 此造型鹿頭尊為乾隆帝所喜之器型,有青花、粉彩、及單色釉如仿汝、仿官釉等,極有代表性。因其形似鹿頭或牛首,有稱鹿頭尊或牛頭尊,粉彩器物上多見山水園囿十鹿或百鹿圖,因此又稱百鹿尊或百祿尊,如乾隆三年曾交下各種瓷器做樣本讓唐英在御窰廠燒造,其中「洋彩百祿雙耳尊一件,照樣燒造不要耳子」。不過乾隆應該是後來認為此類尊其實有耳看起來更為大方,改變了旨意,如今所見基本有耳。器形參考清乾隆青花八仙賀壽螭耳尊,售於香港蘇富比,2016年10月5日,編號3607。 北京故宮博物館藏二例器形相似者,見《故宮博物館藏清雍正青花瓷器物》,故宮博物院,北京,2017年,編號152及153,均為雍正年製,此兩件鹿頭尊皆為下回首內翻鹿頭尊,與本體天藍釉鹿頭尊造型,尺寸一致,為同一批工匠燒造。惟北京故宮博物院兩件青花鹿頭尊落「大清雍正年製」,本品落「大清乾隆年製」篆書款。本器篆書款書寫別致,多見於雍正御瓷中。台北故宮院藏清乾隆早期洋彩黃地西蕃蓮紋方瓶所落「大清乾隆年製」篆書款與本品一致,為同一批工匠所書寫。根據清宮檔案記載,此雍正款識風格僅在乾隆二年之前所書寫的,此後瓷器落款皆為乾隆一朝風格。 天藍釉為宮廷名品,始燒於康熙一朝,燒造難度極大,最著名的為康熙豇豆紅八大碼同款的天藍釉文房用品。天藍釉至雍正、乾隆,早期至臻至美,均有續燒,惟隨著御窯督陶官唐英於乾隆二十一年離世,天藍釉的燒製技術已經失傳,自始已不復見天藍釉瓷器的身影。目前僅見一白釉售於香港蘇富比,2005年5月2日,編號513,足見本品為不可多得的重要藏品。