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Antonio Jacobsen (Danish/ American, 1850-1921) COMPANAGNIE GENERALE TRANSATLANTIQUE AUXILLARY STEAMSHIP PEREIRE Signed and dated lower right "A. Jacobsen NY 1878 / 257 8th Ave" Oil on canvas 21 7/8 x 36 in. Provenance: Ex collection: John Rinngold, New York, NY Literature: Sniffen, Harold S., Antonio Jacobsen-The Checklist (1984), pp. 242-243; Smith, Eugene W., Passenger Ships of the World, Past and Present, Second Edition (1978), p.204 (for vessel biography); Adam, M., "The Lancing ex Periere," Ships and Shipmodels (1931-32), vol. I, pp. 296-297, illus.(for illustration of Lancing) Other Notes: Pereire was built by Robert Napier & Sons, Glasgow, Scotland. She measured 363' x 46', 3150 tons. Originally designed as a side-wheeler, she was converted on the stocks. Pereire was launched on November 4, 1865 as a sleek clipper bow single stack three mast iron hull passenger steamer powered by inverted engines coupled to a single-screw that drove her at 13 knots. Pereire was the fastest steamer on the Atlantic during the 1860's. In 1867 she crossed from New York to Le Havre in eight days and sixteen hours. In 1872 Pereire was re-boilered, re-engined with compound engines, and given two funnels in place of the original single stack. She originally served on the Le Havre - New York run in tandem with her sister ship, Ville de Paris. As more modern vessels were built for the French Line, Periere was relegated to plying between France and various Central American ports. In 1887 Periere stranded off St Nazaire and received considerable hull damage. She was sold to A.E. Kinnear & Co., London, who salvaged the ship. Re-built as a four-masted sailing ship by Blyth Dry Dock Co., Blyth, for A.E. Kinnear & Co., London, Periere was renamed Lancing and put into the Australian trade in 1888. After passing through the hands of at least five different owners during the ensuing years, she was towed to Genoa where she was broken up by Frassinetti in 1925. Pereire was named for Jacob Emile Pereire, a French banker, who born in Bordeaux, 3 December, 1800, and who died in Paris, 6 January, 1875. In 1835 Pereire organized a company for the construction of the Paris and Saint Germain Railroad, which yielded him an enormous fortune. This initial successful venture launched a series of escalating financial speculations during Napoleon III's reign that culminated in the notorious Credit Mobilier scandal. In 1855 Pereire founded Compagnie Generale Transatlantique, also known as the French Line, which was the first French steamship company to run regularly scheduled vessels between New York and Le Havre. In association with his brother, Isaac, he devoted much time and energy to building up trade between France and the Americas. The Pereire bothers established shipping lines to the West Indies, Mexico, and South America. When the brothers died, their fortune was estimated at $60,000,000. A boulevard in Paris is named Pereire in their honor. Antonio Jacobsen deserves the dual title of marine historian and marine artist. His clients - mostly ship's officers, crewmen and owners demanded accuracy - and accuracy was what they received. He chronicled the transition from sail to steam and the full commercial magnetism of the port of New York. He was a prolific painter with over 2400 known works extant. The artist's home in Hoboken, New Jersey, was a Mecca for seafarers and artists, including Fred Pansing, James Buttersworth, F. Bishop and Frederik Cozzens. On Sundays, Jacobsen would arrange concerts, at his house, he and his friends playing chamber music. Many tales exist regarding the artist's personality, eclectic interests, and artistic methods - including his improvidence, multi-linguistic and musical talents, voracious book reading and collecting, and the utilization, late in his career, of his two children to paint the backgrounds in his work. Works by Jacobsen are represented in most major collections of marine art. Two of the most extensive public collections are the Mariner's Museum, Newport News, Virginia, and The Peabody Museum, Salem, Massachusetts.