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TROSHIN NIKOLAY STEPANOVICH (RUSSIAN 1897-1990), [Subway as a clockwork], 1930s, pencil on thick paper, 32.2 x 25.7 cm (12 2/3 x 10 1/9 in.) LOT NOTES Nikolai Troshin was a well-known Russian (Soviet) avant-garde painter, photographer, graphic artist and illustrator; designer of posters, books and exhibitions, as well as scene design. Author of "Basics of Composition in Photography" (1929). After graduating from the Ryazan School of Craft, he also studied in the Penza Arts School and State Art Studios in Petrograd, also known as VKhUTEMAS (1918-1920) from Ilya Ivanovich Mashkov (member of well-known associations "Mir iskusstva" and "Jack of Diamonds"). Exhibited from 1918 onwards (Ryzan, Russia); in 1931-1932 (Paris and Lyon) with Altman, Klutsis, Lebedev, Popova, Rodchenko, Stepanova, Telingater, et al.; and along with his wife, Olga Deineko, in 1946, 1968, 1978, 1989 Troshin was the Artist-in-Chief of the magazine "USSR in Construction" and Lissitzky's co-author in poster design. During World War II worked extensively in poster design. Received a patent for a chemical photo-coloring technique in the 1950's. Troshin's works are part of many museum collections, including those of the State Tretyakov Gallery and the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts. PROVENANCE INFORMATION This lot comes from the collection of Viktor Kholodkov (1948-2015), who fulfilled his passion for books, avant-garde design and paper memorabilia by devoting his life to collecting and dealing of prominent works of Russian graphic art of the first half of the 20th century. The dedicated collector acquired a multitude of books and artworks throughout decades, meticulously labeling and archiving every single item. Many came directly from the most preeminent artists of the time, as well as from their families and estates. He also possessed a vast number of drawings from the famous collection of another avant-garde enthusiast, Nikolai Khardzhiev. After leaving the USSR in 1989 and settling in California, Viktor continued his work as a Soviet art dealer and critic, actively publishing various articles and contributing to several major Russian avant-garde exhibitions across the U.S., such as the 1991 Russia Under Fire in the 40s on the West Coast and the 1992 Guggenheim exhibition The Great Utopia: The Russian and Soviet Avant-Garde. Kholodkov also contributed to the archives of the biggest American institutions. His sophisticated selection of over 2000 Russian sheet music covers was acquired by The Library of Congress, and an extensive amount of material related to VKhUTEMAS is now at the J. Paul Getty Museum.