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Leading Personalities of the 3rd Reich : Certificate of appointment for the Reich Minister Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath as Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia. Dated Berlin, 19 March 1939, with embossed seal and original signature of the Führer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler, countersigned by Reich Minister of the Interior Wilhelm Frick and Reich Minister Dr Lammers (Head of the Reich Chancellery). In the original cover with gold-stamped national eagle. Important, unique museum document on the history of the 3rd Reich and the de facto annexation of the "Rest of Czechoslovakia" to the Greater German Reich. Konstantin Hermann Karl Freiherr von Neurath (* 2 February 1873 at Hofgut Kleinglattbach, Kleinglattbach; ? 14 August 1956 at Leinfelder Hof, Enzweihingen) was a German diplomat of the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. He became Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1932 and held the office after the National Socialist seizure of power until 1938. Between 1939 and 1943, Neurath was Reich Protector of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, which was occupied by the German Reich. After the Second World War, Neurath was one of the 24 main defendants at the Nuremberg Trials. On 1 October 1946, the International Military Tribunal found him guilty on all four charges and sentenced him to 15 years in prison. Neurath was released early in 1954. From 1930 to 1932, Mr Neurath was German ambassador in London. After Reich President Hindenburg formed a presidential cabinet under Franz von Papen in June 1932 that was no longer based on the Reichstag, Neurath was appointed Foreign Minister in the "Cabinet of the Barons". He retained his ministerial office in the subsequent Schleicher Cabinet (1932/33) and in Hitler's Cabinet on 30 January 1933. Neurath was regarded as an exponent of a conservative specialised civil service. Despite his otherwise loyal co-operation within Hitler's government, it is known that in 1935, like his cabinet colleagues Gürtner, Blomberg and Frick, von Neurath stood up for the lawyers detained by the Gestapo who were representing the widow of the Catholic politician Erich Klausener, who was murdered in the so-called Röhm Putsch during the wave of political cleansing, which contributed to their release from prison. Neurath stood for a conservative-revisionist German foreign policy and actively supported the increasingly aggressive course of Nazi foreign policy determined by Adolf Hitler (e.g. the withdrawal from the League of Nations, the reintroduction of compulsory military service or the reoccupation of the Rhineland). Hitler, in turn, benefited not only from Neurath's reputation abroad, but also from the expertise of the ministerial bureaucracy under his leadership. However, the Foreign Office's freedom of action was increasingly restricted from around 1936 onwards by competition from Joachim von Ribbentrop, the Nazi foreign policy expert operating in the background, and his Ribbentrop Office. On the 4th anniversary of the seizure of power, Hitler awarded all non-party cabinet members the Golden Party Badge of the NSDAP, making Neurath a member of the NSDAP (membership number 3,805,229). On 18 September 1937, he was awarded the honorary rank of SS Gruppenführer (SS no. 287.680), which corresponded to the rank of lieutenant general. He had already previously become a member of the National Socialist Academy for German Law founded by Hans Frank. Until 1937, Neurath supported a "policy of strength" aimed at the annexation of Austria, or in the parlance of the National Socialists of both countries, the harmonisation of Austria, which ultimately led to the Berchtesgaden Agreement. However, he objected to the war plans announced by Hitler at a conference on 5 November 1937. In the course of the Blomberg-Fritsch crisis, Neurath was "promoted" to President of the Secret Cabinet Council on 4 February 1938, which never met, and replaced as Foreign Minister by his internal party rival Ribbentrop. Formally, Neurath was a member of the Reich government as a minister without portfolio until 30 April 1945. After the destruction of Czechoslovakia and the invasion of German troops in Prague on 15 March 1939, Neurath became Reich Protector in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia - possibly as a gesture of appeasement towards the British - and was responsible, among other things, for suppressing the political culture of the Czechs and enforcing the Nuremberg Laws. However, Hitler did not consider Neurath brutal enough to suppress the growing Czech resistance movement. He therefore suspended him permanently in September 1941 in order to transfer his powers to the deputy Reich Protector Reinhard Heydrich and, after his murder by Czech resistance fighters in mid-1942, to Kurt Daluege. In August 1943, Hitler complied with Neurath's repeated requests for dismissal as part of a larger reorganisation: Heinrich Himmler was promoted to Reich Minister of the Interior and Neurath was formally relieved of the office of Reich Protector, which was taken over by the previous Reich Minister of the Interior, Wilhelm Frick. In June 1943, Neurath was promoted to SS-Obergruppenführer, which corresponded to the rank of general. On his 70th birthday, he received an endowment of 250,000 Reichsmarks from Hitler. Führende Persönlichkeiten des 3.Reiches : Ernennungssurkunde für den Reichsminister Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath zum Reichsprotektor von Böhmen und Mähren. Datiert Berlin, den 19. März 1939. Mit Prägesiegel und Originalunterschtrift des Führers und Reichskanzlers Adolf Hitler sowie Gegenzeichnung Reichsinnenminister Wilhelm Frick und Reichsminister Dr. Lammers (Chef der Reichskanzlei). Im Originalumschlag mit goldgeprägtem Hoheitsadler. Bedeutendes, einmaliges museales Dokument zur Geschichte des 3. Reiches und der de facto Angliederung der "Rest - Tschechei" an das Großdeutsche Reich. Konstantin Hermann Karl Freiherr von Neurath (* 2. Februar 1873 im Hofgut Kleinglattbach, Kleinglattbach; ? 14. August 1956 im Leinfelder Hof, Enzweihingen) war ein deutscher Diplomat des Kaiserreichs und der Weimarer Republik. Er wurde 1932 Reichsminister des Äußeren und hatte das Amt auch nach der nationalsozialistischen Machtergreifung bis 1938 inne. Zwischen 1939 und 1943 war Neurath Reichsprotektor des vom Deutschen Reich besetzten Protektorats Böhmen und Mähren. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg gehörte Neurath zu den 24 Hauptangeklagten der Nürnberger Prozesse. Der Internationale Militärgerichtshof sprach ihn am 1. Oktober 1946 in allen vier Anklagepunkten schuldig und verurteilte ihn zu einer 15-jährigen Haftstrafe. 1954 wurde Neurath vorzeitig entlassen. Von 1930 - 1932 war v. Neurath deutscher Botschafter in London. Nachdem Reichspräsident Hindenburg im Juni 1932 ein nicht mehr auf den Reichstag gestütztes Präsidialkabinett unter Franz von Papen gebildet hatte, wurde Neurath zum Außenminister im ?Kabinett der Barone? ernannt. Er behielt sein Ministeramt auch in den folgenden Kabinetten Schleicher (1932/33) und am 30. Januar 1933 im Kabinett Hitler. Neurath galt als Exponent einer konservativen Fachbeamtenschaft. Bei sonst loyaler Mitarbeit innerhalb der Regierung Hitler ist bekannt, dass von Neurath sich 1935 ebenso wie seine Kabinettskollegen Gürtner, Blomberg und Frick für die von der Gestapo festgehaltenen Rechtsanwälte einsetzte, die die Witwe des im Zuge der politischen Säuberungswelle beim sogenannten Röhm-Putsch ermordeten katholischen Politikers Erich Klausener vertraten, was zu deren Entlassung aus der Haft beitrug. Neurath stand für eine konservativ-revisionistische deutsche Außenpolitik und trug den immer stärker von Adolf Hitler bestimmten aggressiven Kurs der NS-Außenpolitik (z. B. den Austritt aus dem Völkerbund, die Wiede